THE USAGE OF
RUACH, SPIRIT. This Is Appendix 9
From The Companion Bible.
The word ruach occurs 389 times in
the Hebrew Old Testament. In the Authorized Version
it is rendered spirit in 237 passages (and no other word is
rendered spirit except n
eshamah, "breath", in Job
26:4 and Proverbs
20:27. See Appendix 16).
In the remaining 152 places it is translated in 22 different ways, which
are to be carefully distinguished. [In the Revised
Version ruach is rendered spirit 224 times, and in the
remaining 165 passages is rendered in many different ways.]
The meaning of the word is to be deduced only from
its usage. The one root idea running through all the
passages is invisible force. As this force may be exerted in
varying form, and may be manifested in divers ways, so various renderings
are necessitated, corresponding thereto.
Ruach, in whatever sense it is used,
always represents that which is invisible except by its
manifestations. These are seen both externally to man, as well as
internally within man. As coming from God, it is the
invisible origin of life. All apart from this is death. It
comes from God, and returns to God (Ecclesiastes 3:19,20). Hence,
ruach is used of
I. - GOD, as being invisible.
"The Spirit of Jehovah" is Jehovah Himself, in His
manifestation of invisible power. 2 Samuel
23:2. Psalm
139:7 (= Thee). Isaiah
40:13.
II. - THE HOLY SPIRIT : the Third
Person of the Trinity. 2 Samuel
23:2. 1Kings
18:12; 22:24. 2Kings
2:16. 2Chronicles
18:23. Nehemiah
9:20,30. Job
26:13; 33:4. Isaiah
40:13; 48:16; 59:19,21; 61:1; 63:10,1-4. Ezekiel
3:12,14 (1 st); 8:3; 11:1,24; 37:1; 43:5. Micah
2:7; 3:8. Zechariah
4:6; 6:8; 7:12. Malachi
2:15.
III. - INVISIBLE DIVINE POWER
MANIFESTING ITSELF
- In creation. Genesis 1:
2.
In giving life. Ezekiel 37:14.
In executing judgement-
"blast." Exodus 15:8. Isaiah
37:7.
"breath." 2Samuel
22:16. 2 Kings
19:7. Job
4:9; 15:30. Psalms
18:15; 33:6. Isaiah
11:4; 30:28.
"spirit." Isaiah 4:4; 28:6; 34:16; 40:7.
IV. -
INVISIBLE "P OWER FROM ON
HIGH", MANIFESTING ITSELF
AS
DIVINE
POWER
in giving spiritual gifts. Spoken of as coming upon,
clothing, falling on, and being poured out. Rendered
"Spirit", but should be "spirit".
Genesis 41:38. Exodus
28:3; 31:3; 35:31. Numbers
11:17,25,25,26,29; 24:2; 27:8. Deuteronomy
34:9. Judges
3:10; 6:34; 11:29; 13:25; 14:6,19; 15:14. 1Samuel
10:6,10; 11:6; 16:13,14; 19:20,23. 2Kings
2:9,15. 1Chronicles
12:18; 28:12. 2Chronicles
15:1; 20:14; 24:20. Psalms
51:11,12; 143:10. Proverbs
1:23. Isaiah
11:2,2,2,2; 30:1; 32:15; 42:1,5; 44:3; 59:21; 61:1; 63:11. Ezekiel
2:2; 3:24; 11:5,19; 36:27; 39:29. Daniel
4:8,9,18; 5:11,12,14. Joel
2:28,29. Haggai
2:5. Zechariah
12:10.
V. - THE INVISIBLE PART OF MAN
(Psychological). Given by God at man's formation at birth, and returning
to God at his death. "Breath." Genesis
6: 17; 7:15,22. Job
9:18; 12:10; 17:1. Psalms
104:29; 135:17; 146:4. Ecclesiastes
3:19. Jeremiah
10:14; 51:17. Lamentations
4:20. Ezekiel
37:5,6,8,9,10. Habakkuk
2:19. Zechariah
12:1.
"spirit." Genesis 6:3. Numbers
16:22; 27:16. Job
27:3; 34:14. Psalms
31:5; 104:30. Ecclesiastes
3:21,21; 8:8,8; 11:5; 12:7. Isaiah
42:5.
"Wind." Ezekiel 37:9,9.
VI. - THE INVISIBLE CHARACTERISTICS OF
MAN; manifesting themselves in states of mind and feeling (by the
Figure of Speech Metonymy. See Appendix 6).
"Mind." Genesis 26: 35. Proverbs
29:11. Ezekiel
11:5; 20:32. Daniel
5:20. Habakkuk
1:11.
"Breath." Job 19:17 (= manner).
"Courage." Joshua 2:11.
"Anger." Judges 8:3.
"Blast." Isaiah 25:4.
"Spirit." Genesis 41:8; 45:27. Exodus
6:9; 35:21. Numbers
5:14,14,30; 14:24. Joshua
5:1. Judges
15:19. 1Samuel
1:15; 30:12. 1Kings
10:5; 21:5. 1Chronicles
5:26,26. 2Chronicles
9:4; 21:16; 36:22. Ezra
1:1,5. Job
6:4; 7:11; 10:12; 15:13; 20:3; 21:4; 32:8,18. Psalms
32:2; 34:18; 51:10,11,12,17. 76:12; 78:8; 142:3; 143:4,7. Proverbs
11:13; 14:29; 15:4,13; 16:2,18,19,32; 17:22,27; 18:14,14; 25:28; 29:23. Ecclesiastes
1:14,17; 2:11,17,26; 4:4,6,16; 6:9; 7:8,8,9; 10:4. Isaiah
19:3,14; 26:9; 29:10,24; 33:11; 38:16; 54:6; 57:15,15,16; 61:3; 65:14; 66:2. Jeremiah
51:11. Ezekiel
13:3. Daniel
7:15. Hosea
4:12; 5:4. Micah
2:11. (by
Hendiadys [Appendix 6], for a
false or living spirit).
VII. - Put by the Figure of Speech
Synecdoche for THE WHOLE PERSON (see Appendix 6).
Psalms 77: 3,6; 106:33. Ezekiel
21:7. Daniel
2:1,3. Malachi
2:15,16.
VIII. - INVISIBLE SPIRIT-BEINGS.
"Angels." Psalm 104: 4.
"Cherubim." Ezekiel 1:12,20,20,20,21; 10:17.
Neutral spirit-beings. Job 4:15. Isaiah
31:3.
Evil angels. Judges 9:23. 1Samuel
16:14,15,16,23,23; 18:10; 19:9. 1Kings
22:21,22,23. 2Chronicles
18:20,21,22. Zechariah
13:2.
IX. - THE INVISIBLE MANIFESTATIONS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE. Temperature. Genesis 3: 8
("cool"). Air.
"Wind" or "winds" in
every place where the words "wind" or "winds"
occur. "Whirlwind." Ezekiel
1:4.
"Windy." Psalm 55:8.
"Spirits." Zechariah 6:5.
"Air." Job 41:16.
"Tempest." Psalm 11:6.
"Blast." Exodus 15:8. 2Kings
19:7. Isaiah
25:4; 37:7.
"Quarters" (of the four winds).
1Chronicles
9:24.
"Side" or "sides" (of
the four winds). Jeremiah 52:23. Ezekiel
42:16,17,18,19,20.
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