Money and Coins, Weights and
Measures. This Is Appendix 51
From The Companion Bible.
- MONEY AND COINS.
- Dram
(Old Testament).
- 'Adarkon (Hebrew). (
1 Chronicles
29:7. Ezra
8:27.)
- Dark
emon (the
Persian Daric). (Ezra 2:69. Nehemiah
7:70,
71, 72.) A gold coin, value £1 2s. 0d., or $5.28.
- Farthing (New Testament).
- Kodrantes (Matthew 5:
26. Mark
12:42). A bronze
coin, value 3/4 of a farthing, or 3/8 of a cent.
- Assarion (Matthew 10:
29. Luke
12:6). A bronze
coin, value about 3 farthings, or 1.5 cents.
- Mite (New Testament). (Mark 12:42. Luke
12:59;
21:2.) Lepton, a
copper coin, value 3/8 of a farthing, or 3/16 of a cent.
- Penny (New Testament), so rendered in fourteen of the sixteen
occurrences of Denarion. A silver coin, value 8 1/2
d., or 17 cents. Generally plural, is twice rendered
"pennyworth." (Mark 6:37. John
6:7.)
- Piece of Money (Matthew 17:27). Greek
Stater, a silver coin, value 2s. 8d., or 64 cents.
- Piece of Silver. In Old Testament usually = a shekel of silver
(see Weights), or may mean uncoined silver in 1Samuel
2:36. Psalm
68:30. Joshua
24:32. Job
42:11.
In New Testament :--
- Argurion (Matthew 26:
15;
27:3, 5,
9. Acts 19:19). Value
2s. 8d., or 64 cents.
- Drachme (Luke 15:
8, 9). Compare
IV, above. Value 8 1/2 d., or 17 cents.
Silver Piece. Greek Argurion (Matthew 27:6). See VI. 1,
above.
Tribute Money. (New Testament.) (Matthew 17:24.)
- Didrachmon, a double Drachme, see VI. 2, above. A silver coin,
value 1s. 4d., or 32 cents.
- Kensos (Matthew 22:
19). Latin
census = a poll-tax.
WEIGHTS.
- Bekah
. Hebrew bek'a (Exodus 38:26) = half a
shekel (see V, below). Weight about 5 drams, Avoirdupois.
- Gerah. Hebrew gerath (Exodus 30:13. Leviticus
27:25. Numbers
3:47). Weight 1/20
of a shekel, or about 1/2 a dram, Avoirdupois.
- Maheh. Hebrew maneh (Ezekiel 45:12). See
"Pound" (IV, 1), below.
- Pound.
- Maneh. Hebrew maneh (
1 Kings
10:17. Ezra
2:69. Nehemiah
7:71,
72). Weight = 100 shekels (compare 1 Kings
10:17 with
2Chronicles
9:16).
- Mna. Greek Latin mina (Luke 19:
13, 16, 16, 18, 18,
20, 24, 24, 25). Weight
about 16ozs., Avoirdupois.
- Litra. Greek Latin libra (John 12:
3;
19:39). Weight
about 12 ozs., Avoirdupois.
Shekel. Hebrew shekel (Exodus 30:13, and
frequently). Weight about 10 drams, Avoirdupois. There is a shekel of
the sanctuary (Exodus 30:13), and the
shekel of the king (2 Samuel
14:26). Their
precise relative weights unknown.
Talent. (Exodus 25:39, and
frequently).
- Hebrew kikkar. Weight = 3,000 shekels of the
sanctuary (Exodus 38:
25, 26). Talent
of the king = 158 lb. Troy. Talent of gold = 131 lb. Troy. About
£6,150; $290.85. Talent of silver = 117 lb. Troy.
- Greek talantos (in New Testament). About 114 lb.
Avoirdupois.
MEASURES.
- DISTANCE.
- Day's Journey. About 30 English miles.
- Furlong. Greek stadios (Luke
24:
13. John
6:19;
11:18. Revelation
14:20;
21:16). About 202
English yards.
- Mile. Greek mileon (Matthew 5:
41). About
1,616 English yards.
- Pace. Hebrew za'ad (
2 Samuel
6:13). Rather
more than an English yard.
- Sabbath day's journey. About 2,000 English yards.
- LENGTH.
- Cubit. Length still in dispute.
- Hebrew 'ammah. Ranging between 21 and 25 inches.
- Hebrew yomed (only in Judges 3:
16).
Fathom. Greek orguia. The length of the
arms outstretched = about six feet (Acts 27:28).
Reed. Hebrew kaneh (Ezekiel 40 and 41).
About 6 cubits, or about 3 1/2 English yards.
Span. Hebrew zereth (Exodus 28:16;
39:9.
1 Samuel
17:4. Isaiah
40:12. Ezekiel
43:13). About half
a cubit, or about 10 1/2 inches.
CAPACITY.
- Bath. Hebrew bath (
1 Kings
7:26,
38. 2 Chronicles
2:10;
4:5. Ezra
7:22. Isaiah
5:10. Ezekiel
45:10,
11, 14). About 6 English gallons (liquid).
- Bushel. Greek modios (Matthew
5:
15. Mark
4:21. Luke
11:33). About 1
peck English.
- Cab. Hebrew kab (
2 Kings
6:25). About 1
quart, English dry measure.
- Cor. Hebrew kor (Ezekiel 45:
14). About 8
bushels.
- Ephah. Hebrew 'ephah (Exodus
16:
36. Leviticus
5:11;
6:20;
19:36. Numbers
5:15;
28:5. Judges
6:19. Ruth
2:17.
1 Samuel
1:24;
17:17. Isaiah
5:10. Ezekiel
45:10,
11, 13, 24;
46:5, 7,
11, 14. Amos 8:5. Zechariah
5:6,
8). About 3 pecks, English.
- Firkin. Greek metretes (John 2:
6). About 9
gallons, English liquid measure.
- Half homer. Hebrew letheh (Hosea
3:
2 bout 4
bushels.
- Hin. Hebrew hin (Exodus 29:
40;
30:24. Leviticus
19:36;
23:13. Numbers
15:4, 5,
6, 7, 9, 10;
28:5, 7,
14. Ezekiel 4:11;
45:24;
46:5, 7,
11, 14). About 1 gallon, liquid measure.
- Homer. Hebrew chomer (Leviticus
27:
16. Numbers
11:32. Isaiah
5:10. Ezekiel
45:11,
11, 11, 13, 13, 14, 14. Hosea
3:2) = 10
ephahs. Compare No. 12. See No. 5, above. About 8 bushels, English.
- Log. Hebrew log (Leviticus 14:
10, 12, 15, 21,
21). About 2/3 of a pint, liquid measure.
- Measure. The rendering of six Hebrew and four Greek words
:
- 'eyphah (Deuteronomy 25:
14, 15. Proverbs
20:10. Micah
6:10), measure.
See No. 5, above.
- Cor. Hebrew kor (
1 Kings
4:22;
5:11.
2 Chronicles
2:10;
27:5. Ezra
7:22). See No.
4, above.
- Madad. Used of any hollow measure : of capacity
as well as length = to mete out.
- Mesurah (Leviticus 19:
35.
1 Chronicles
23:29. Ezekiel
4:11,
16). A measure of liquids.
- Se'ah (Genesis 18:
6.
1 Samuel
25:18.
1 Kings
18:32.
2 Kings
7:1,
16, 18. Isaiah 27:8). About 1
peck.
- Shalish (Psalm 80:
5. Isaiah
40:12) = a
third. Probably the third part of an ephah. See No. 5, above.
- Batos (Greek), same as Hebrew bath
(Luke 16
:6). About 6
gallons (liquid).
- Koros (Greek), same as Hebrew cor
(Luke 16:
7). See No.
4, above.
- Saton (Greek), same as Hebrew
s
e'ah (Matthew 13:33. Luke
13:21.) See No.
7, above.
- Choenix (Greek), (Revelation 6:
6). An Attic
dry measure : the daily allowance of corn for a slave, about 1
quart (dry).
Omer. Hebrew 'omer (Exodus 16:16, 18, 22, 32, 33,
36). The 1/10 of ephah. Compare Ezekiel 45:11.
Tenth deal. Hebrew 'isaron (Exodus
16:36;
29:40. Leviticus
14:10,
21; 23:13, 17;
24:5. Numbers
15:4, 6,
9; 28: 9, 13, 20,
28; 29:3, 4, 9, 10, 14,
15). About 1/2 a gallon (dry).
TIME.
- Beginning of the Watches (Lametations 2:
19). About 9
p.m.
- Cock-crowing (Mark 13:
35). There
were two : one after midnight, and one before dawn. Both are
mentioned in Mark 14:30. The latter
was "THE"
cock-crowing.
- Cool of the Day (Genesis 3:
8). From
about 2 to about 6 p.m.
- Day.
Reckoned from sunset to sunset.
- Eleventh Hour (Matthew 20:
6, 9). About 5
p.m.
- Fourth Watch (Matthew 14:
25). From
about 3 a.m. till about 6 a.m.
- Heat of the Day (Genesis 18:
1). From
about 10 a.m. till 2 p.m.
- Middle Watch (Judges 7:
19). From
about midnight till about 3 a.m.
- Morning Watch (Exodus 14:
24). From
about 3 a.m. till 6 a.m.
- Night.
The natural night was from sunset to sunrise.
- Ninth hour (Matthew 20:
5;
27:45,
46. Mark 15:33, 34. Luke
23:44. Acts
3:1;
10:3,
30). About 3 p.m.
- Second Watch (Luke 12:
38). About 9
to 12 p.m.
- Seventh hour (John 4:
52). About 1
p.m.
- Sixth hour (Matthew 20:
5;
27:45. Mark
15:33. Luke
1:26,
36; 23:44. John
4:6;
19:14. Acts 10:
9). About
12 midday.
- Tenth hour (John 1:
39). About 4
p.m.
- Third hour (Matthew 20:
3. Mark
15:25. Acts
2:15;
23:23). About 9
a.m.
- Third Watch (Luke 12:
38). From
about midnight till about 3 a.m.
- Watch.
Three hours.
Old Testament.
- First Watch, 9 p.m. till midnight.
- Middle Watch, midnight till 3 a.m.
- Morning Watch, 3 a.m. till 6 a.m.
New Testament.
- First Watch, 6 p.m. to 9 p.m.
- Second Watch, 9 p.m. to midnight.
- Third Watch, midnight to 3 a.m.
- Fourth Watch, 3 a.m. to 6 a.m.
THE JEWISH MONTHS.
N.B. The Civil months are six months later than the Sacred months.
SACRED MONTH. |
NAME OF MONTH. |
CORRE- SPONDING ENGLISH MONTH. |
FESTIVAL OF MONTH. |
I.
II.
III.
IV. V. VI.
VII.
VIII. IX. X. XI. XII.
|
Abib, or Nisan.
Zif.
Sivan.
Thammuz. Ab. Elul. Tisri, or Ethanim.
Bul. Chisleu. Tebeth. Shebat. Adar.
|
April.
May.
June.
July.
August. September. October.
November.
December. January. February. March.
|
14th day. The Passover. 16th day. Firstfruits of Barley
Harvest presented. 14th day. Second Passover, for those who
could not
keep the first. 6th day. Pentecost, or Feast of Weeks.
Firstfruits
of Wheat harvest,
and Firstfruits
of all the ground.
1st day. Feast of Trumpets.
10th day. Day of Atonement. 15th day. Feast of Tabernacles.
Firstfruits
of Wine
and Oil.
25th day. Feast of Dedication.
14th day
and 15th days. Feasts of Purim.
| |