College Notes
Church History
Lecture 20
The History of Education
I.
HISTORY:
A. Plato (c.300s
B.C.).
1. Lived in
Athens.
2. Plato's name wasn't always Plato; His name
literally means, 'broad
shoulders'.
3. Established an
academy.
a.
Co-educational
b. Study methods: lecture, debate, and
much memory work.
B. Dark
Ages:
1.
Repression of Education.
2. Education only within confines of the
clergy.
C. Italy:
Pre-Renaissance.
1. Called "Seat of Learning."
2. Small clusters called
'Universities'.
3. Teacher called 'Master' - having mastered a
subject.
4.
Universities were usually specialized into specific
subjects.
5.
Students formed
Universities:
a. Students in
charge
b. They hired and fired the
masters
c. Masters were poorly paid, and aided their
income through
begging
d. Garment was designed (cap and gown) for
begging
6.
All learning was in the Latin language.
7. National clusters of their own nationality
were called colleges in the confines of the
university.
8. Universities made up of these small clusters -
colleges.
D. France
(1200s)
1.
French established for the first time a University in
Paris.
a. Jealous of
Italy
b. Control now in hands of government instead
of students.
c. About 7,000
students
d. Attracted best instructors and
students
2.
Sarbone - Frenchman related to
education.
a. He sponsored students in
France
b. Section of the University dedicated to
him
3.
Students paid their way through
school.
a. Through grants and
aid
b. Got sponsors
4.
Abilard;
a. Considered a
heretic
b. St. Thomas Quinas was on of his greatest
students
5.
Revolt at University in
Paris...
a. All students expelled - had to go
somewhere
b. England establishes a University in
Oxford
c. History disputes which 1st - Cambridge or
Oxford
E. Early - mid
1500s.
1. Henry
VIII.
a. Sought support from universities Oxford and
Cambridge in favor of divorce
decrees
b. All England becomes
Protestant.
c. Establishes New Church of
England
2.
Elizabeth I.
a. Puritan college is established called
“Emmanuel” by Sir
Walter
b. Queen against it
persecutes
c. Later moved to Holland and eventually to the
New World
F. Early
1600s.
1.
132 Puritans go to New World.
2. John Harvard comes to
America.
3.
1636 - People saw need to establish school to train
clergy.
a. School of religious learning was established
outside of Boston and was called "the
College"
b. Harvard, at his death donated half his
fortune to the
Colledge
c. Later changed name of the College to
Harvard.
4.
Harvard not first college in New
World:
a. University of Mexico was
earlier
b. Also a French University in Canada predates
Harvard